In order to investigate the influence of thermal residual stress on the tensile properties of SiCf/Ti3Al composites generated in uniaxial tension, a three-dimensional mesoscale model including fibers, matrix, and interface was constructed by using ABAQUS finite element simulation in combination with cohesive zone model (CZM) to analyze the stress distribution, crack propagation and interface failure of the composites. The results show that, in transverse stretching, interface debonding is the main failure mechanism and the redistribution of equivalent forces within the matrix plays a key role in the overall performance; In longitudinal stretching, the thermal residual stress leads to non-uniform distribution of the stress field and affects the yielding of the matrix, while the radial compressive stress at the interface effectively slows down the debonding of the interface and retards the failure of the material. The results reveal the influence mechanisms of thermal residual stress and interface properties on the transverse and longitudinal tensile properties of SiCf/Ti3Al composites, which provide theoretical support for optimizing the design and performance enhancement of fibre-reinforced metal matrix composites.