The elastocaloric solid-state coolers does not emit any greenhouse gas during operation, and requires no rare metal materials, and can be driven without electric energy, which is expected to meet the heat dissipation applications of miniaturization, no vibration, and working in corrosive environments. In this paper, the principles and advantages of elastocaloric refrigeration technology were outlined, the research and development progress of elastocaloric heat engines and coolers domestically and abroad in recent years were introduced. Several critical problems in the development of elastocaloric coolers were summarized. Two future research and development directions of elastocaloric coolers were proposed: 1) in-situ comprehensive characterization of the elastocaloric effect and refrigeration performance for elastocaloric solid-state coolers; 2) design and performance optimization for elastocaloric coolers with advanced structures.