In order to analyze the influence of the national coordination system under surplus and deficiency adjustment on regional differences of basic pension income and expenditure, based on the actuarial forecast of basic pension income and expenditure from 2021 to 2050, the Theil index and spatial econometrics methods were used to measure the spatial-temporal differences. The result shows that the surplus and deficiency adjustment system can alleviate the short-term pressure on the income and expenditure of the basic pension and delay the deficit time, but it can't change the trend of long-term fund gap and regional gap; The surplus and deficiency adjustment system can reduce the regional differences of basic pension income and expenditure, but in the long run, the adjustment force is getting smaller and smaller, and the basic pension income and expenditure still has obvious spatial heterogeneity; The income and expenditure of basic pension were spatially dependent, and the regions with high income and expenditure ratio and low income and expenditure ratio showed concentrated distribution characteristics. In the future, it is necessary to timely enrich the overall adjustment fund, ensure the long-term supply of the overall adjustment fund, formulate differentiated support policies, and optimize economic spatial layout, in order to delay the deficit time and reduce regional disparities.