In order to improve the wear resistance and service life of mining sprockets, 40CrNiMoA sprockets cast by centrifugal electroslag casting were selected as the base material to study the effects of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy. The effects of different heat treatment processes on the mechanical properties of the steel, such as microhardness, friction and wear, and tensile strength were investigated with the orthogonal experiment method.The test results were analyzed by range analysis and comprehensive weighted scoring calculation to obtain the optimal heat treatment process parameters. Finally, experimental verification was conducted. The results show that the optimal heat treatment process obtained by the orthogonal test method is quenching at 880 ℃ for 0 .5 hours and high-temperature tempering at 600 ℃ for 2 hours. The microstructure of the sample after heat treatment is mainly tempered sorbite, with a Vickers hardness of 364 HV, a tensile strength of 1 166 MPa, and a wear rate of 0 .427×10-4 mm3/（N·m）. The validation test results are similar to the orthogonal experimental analysis, and the sample performance after heat treatment can meet the usage requirements. Therefore, the research results can provide a theoretical basis for the heat treatment process of mining sprocket parts, and are of great significance for effectively solving the wear resistance and service life of sprockets.