Aiming at the linear change caused by tension instability in the work of glass fiber winding machine and the instability of tension adjustment in high-speed winding mode, an adaptive fuzzy PID control strategy and a sliding mode control strategy suitable for high-speed winding conditions were designed. Firstly, the winding dynamic model and tension control model were established for the winding condition. Secondly, the fuzzy PID control strategy and sliding mode control strategy were introduced to simulate the winding characteristics under different working conditions by MATLAB-Simulink, and the optimal control strategy was found. Finally, the experiment was carried out based on the verified optimal control strategy. The results show that under the regulation of fuzzy PID control, the winding tension is better improved than that without control under different speed changes, and the linear stability and tension stability of the cylindrical container are improved. The tension adjustment accuracy of fuzzy PID control is better than that of sliding mode control, which provides a new research idea for large pipeline winding equipment.