Nickel-rich ternary layered transition metal oxide positive materials have attracted much attention due to their high specific capacity, low price and environmental friendliness. However, the material itself has problems such as cyclic capacity degradation, which are caused by Li/Ni mixing, phase change reaction, gas generation, microcracks, transition metal dissolution and surface structure changes. In order to solve the problems of rapid capacity degradation and poor high-temperature performance of positive materials, modification methods of nickel-rich ternary layered transition metal oxide positive materials at home and abroad in recent years were summarized, including optimization methods such as surface coating material synthesis, element doping material preparation, core-shell structure material development, and concentration gradient material design, etc. It is pointed out that the wide application of high nickel layered transition metal oxide anode materials needs to start from the aspects of continuously improving the material preparation method, changing the material properties, and reducing the material cost, etc. to develop high energy density lithium ion batteries, so that nickel-rich ternary layered transition metal oxide anode materials can be applied in the field of power batteries as soon as possible.