In order to screen zeolites suitable for adsorption of VOCs and microwave desorption, and to study the performance influencing factors such as pore size, aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron, balanced cations, seven kinds of adsorbents (K-A, Na-A, Ca-A, Ca-X, Na-X, Na-Y and Na-ZSM5 zeolites) and three kinds of VOCs adsorbent (benzene, methanol, n-hexane) were experimentally studied, and the pore size, specific surface area, pore volume and cell parameters of the zeolite were tested by BET and XRD characterization methods. The results show that the adsorption capacity is higher when the pore size of the zeolite is larger and the polarity of the VOCs is larger; when different aluminum-oxygen tetrahedral structure content (Na-X, Na-Y, Na-A and Na-ZSM5) and different balanced cations (K-A, Na-A, Ca-A and Ca-X, Na-X) zeolites microwave desorption are used, the zeolites with a high content of aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron structure is more suitable for microwave desorption, and the zeolites with a balanced cation of Na⁺ is stronger than with K⁺ and Ca²⁺， after 5 cycles of static adsorption and microwave desorption, the zeolites microwave desorption has stable structure and performance. The research results can provide important reference for the industrial application of the new method of zeolites adsorption of VOCs and microwave desorption.