The concept and characteristics of water-lubricated ceramic spindle are introduced. The development trend and industrial application of water-lubricated ceramic spindle at home and abroad are summarized. Finally, the key technologies of water-lubricated ceramic spindle and the problems to be solved urgently are reviewed from four aspects, mainly including. 1) In material tribology, the research on low-cost and high-performance water-based lubrication additives, high-toughness silicon-based ceramics and long-life ceramic coatings should be strengthened. 2) In the modeling and analysis of bearing lubrication, the machining accuracy of ceramic parts, non-Newtonian effect of water-based lubricants, high-speed turbulence effect, temperature-viscosity effect and other factors should be considered to achieve accurate modeling and analysis. 3) In the nonlinear dynamics of high-speed spindle bearing-rotor system, the latest results of reduced-order analysis theory should be used. 4) For the application of surface texture on water-lubricated ceramic spindles, the synergistic effect of surface texture and macrostructure, the design and optimization of surface texture and the low-cost and high-efficiency machining methods of surface texture should be strengthened.