The cryogenic treatment is used to reduce the large amount of retained austenite in the steel infiltration layer which affects the hardness. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and direct reading spectroscopy are combined to compare and analyze the organization structure status of the test carburizing steel after air-cooling and low temperature tempering (T) at 453 K × 1 h, or after cryogenic treatment at 113 K × 30 min and low temperature tempering (T) at 453 K × 1 h. The cryopreservation effect of the 1 203 K × 9 h carburizing air-cooled bainitic steel is carried out. The results show that both the effective hardening layer depths are about 1.35 mm. The retained austenite mass fractions of T and CT in the effective hardened layer are approximately 29.8% and 12.6%, respectively, and the highest hardnesses of the effective hardened layer of T and CT are 679 HV and 821 HV, respectively. The matrix structure is lath bainite, and the retained austenite mass fractions in the matrix are approximately 7.4% for T and 6.9% for CT, respectively, and both the hardnesses of the matrixes are approximately 430 HV. After the cryogenic treatment, the austenite content in the infiltration layer is effectively reduced, so that the maximum hardness of the hardened layer increases by 20% or more. It can be widely used because of the decreased material cost and remarkable economical benefit.