In order to get the optimal growth conditions of anammox bacteria, the mature-cultured anammox granule sludge is used to investigate the influencing factors. The effects of temperature, pH value, COD and influent substrate (NO^-₂-N and NH⁺₄-N) on anammox bacteria activity are investigated. The results demonstrate that the optimal temperature is 40 ℃ and the optimal pH value is between 7.0~8.0 for anammox bacteria. The anammox bacteria activity is not inhibited severely when COD concentration is lower than 100 mg/L, while the denitrifying bacteria is dominant and inhibits the anammox bacteria activity when COD concentration is higher than 100 mg/L. When the influent NH⁺₄-N and NO^-₂-N concentration are lower than 1 540 mg/L and 140 mg/L respectively, the anammox bacteria activity is not inhibited severely. Controlling the optimal growth conditions of anammox technical helps the rapid growth of anammox bacteria, which establishes the foundation for the rapid start-up of anammox reactor.