Ecological risk is a very important part of environmental risk. The ecological risks assessment of contaminants in different environmental media can predict their ecological adverse effects and assess the likelihood of ecological changes due to certain factors in the past. The domestic and foreign research status of ?pollutant ecological risk assessment in different environmental media was briefly described, and the commonly used ecological risk assessment models and research methods were introduced, including Risk Quotient (RQ), AQUATOX model, Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD), Index of Geoaccumulation (Igeo), Hakanson potential ecological risk index.