Antimicrobial peptides have a wide range of sources and are small molecular peptides that inhibit drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. They also have immunomodulatory functions and are an important component of the body"s innate immune defense system. The genetic engineering method for obtaining recombinant antimicrobial peptides is mainly through prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. Molecular modification design provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel antimicrobial peptides. In order to sort out the research progress of antibacterial peptides in the field of transformation and expression in recent years, from the aspects of various expression systems and molecular transformation strategies, it provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of the activity and high expression of antimicrobial peptides.